All excerpts are quoted from the respective link(s).
- The Meanings Behind the Symbols: Family Crests, Blazons, Coat of Arms, Personalized Crests – Please note that the following descriptions and meanings are gleaned from a variety of sources, some of which disagree on those meanings. The most commonly accepted meanings are given, but scholars vary in the their opinions concerning the reliability of any "commonly held" historic meanings for coats of arms and crests.
